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<p>The demand for sustainable, energy-efficient buildings has accelerated the development of eco-efficient materials such as earth-based mortars (EBMs) reinforced with plant-based additives. This study investigates the impact of incorporating bamboo particles (0, 3, 6, and 9&#xa0;vol%) on the hygrothermal, mechanical, and environmental performance of EBMs intended for interior wall render/plaster (non-structural). Bamboo particles were characterized by water absorption, bulk density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and moisture buffer value (MBV). The mortars were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), MBV, water vapor permeability (WVP), thermal conductivity, bulk density, compressive and flexural strength, post-peak toughness, and a cradle-to-site life cycle assessment (LCA; A1–A4) with eco-efficiency indicators. Bamboo addition decreased bulk density (up to ≈ 14%) and thermal conductivity (up to ≈ 30%), while enhanced MBV (up to ≈ 41%) and WVP generally increased within the tested range, and MIP/SEM indicated a more open pore network and modified interfacial bonding. Capillary absorption and drying index increased, indicating greater porosity and improved vapor diffusion. At higher bamboo contents, compressive strength was reduced, whereas post-peak toughness and crack resistance improved, with clear post-peak gains. LCA results were largely driven by hydrated lime and cement, while biogenic carbon associated with bamboo partially offset climate burdens. Overall, eco-efficiency improved on hygrothermal axes with application-dependent trade-offs on mechanical performance, consistent with the non-structural nature of interior plasters. These results highlight the potential of bamboo-reinforced earth mortars as low-carbon, moisture-regulating materials for interior application and climate-resilient building. The scientific contribution lies in combining microstructural evidence (MIP/SEM), multi-domain performance tests and LCA into quantitative eco-efficiency indicators, with explicit consideration of biogenic carbon to quantify carbon-performance trade-offs of bamboo in EBMs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hygrothermal, mechanical and eco-efficiency performance of earth-based mortars incorporating bamboo particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Rayane de Lima Moura Paiva,
  • Lucas Rosse Caldas,
  • Oscar Aurelio Mendoza Reales,
  • Romildo Dias Toledo Filho

摘要

The demand for sustainable, energy-efficient buildings has accelerated the development of eco-efficient materials such as earth-based mortars (EBMs) reinforced with plant-based additives. This study investigates the impact of incorporating bamboo particles (0, 3, 6, and 9 vol%) on the hygrothermal, mechanical, and environmental performance of EBMs intended for interior wall render/plaster (non-structural). Bamboo particles were characterized by water absorption, bulk density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and moisture buffer value (MBV). The mortars were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), MBV, water vapor permeability (WVP), thermal conductivity, bulk density, compressive and flexural strength, post-peak toughness, and a cradle-to-site life cycle assessment (LCA; A1–A4) with eco-efficiency indicators. Bamboo addition decreased bulk density (up to ≈ 14%) and thermal conductivity (up to ≈ 30%), while enhanced MBV (up to ≈ 41%) and WVP generally increased within the tested range, and MIP/SEM indicated a more open pore network and modified interfacial bonding. Capillary absorption and drying index increased, indicating greater porosity and improved vapor diffusion. At higher bamboo contents, compressive strength was reduced, whereas post-peak toughness and crack resistance improved, with clear post-peak gains. LCA results were largely driven by hydrated lime and cement, while biogenic carbon associated with bamboo partially offset climate burdens. Overall, eco-efficiency improved on hygrothermal axes with application-dependent trade-offs on mechanical performance, consistent with the non-structural nature of interior plasters. These results highlight the potential of bamboo-reinforced earth mortars as low-carbon, moisture-regulating materials for interior application and climate-resilient building. The scientific contribution lies in combining microstructural evidence (MIP/SEM), multi-domain performance tests and LCA into quantitative eco-efficiency indicators, with explicit consideration of biogenic carbon to quantify carbon-performance trade-offs of bamboo in EBMs.

Graphical Abstract