<p>This study investigates the correlation between the structural parameters of coarse aggregates and the rheological properties of concrete based on the multifractal analysis method. The discrete element method was used to simulate and analyze the distribution attributes of coarse aggregates. Correlation indices were established between the slump, rheological parameters and multifractal parameters through experimental testing and numerical simulation. The results indicate that the gradation, shape, and size of coarse aggregates influence the rheological properties of concrete by altering the spatial distribution characteristics of the aggregate structure. The fractal dimension <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and multifractal spectrum width <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta \alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> show a negative correlation with slump and flow spread, but a positive correlation with yield stress and plastic viscosity. The multifractal spectrum width <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta \alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> considers the heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of aggregates, enabling a more accurate prediction of concrete rheological behavior. This finding offers new insights for quantitatively analyzing the role of coarse aggregates in fresh concrete and for predicting its rheological behavior.</p>