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<p>To better elucidate the complex mechanism underlying the combined chloride and sulphate attack in cementitious systems, this study focuses on the dynamic nature of the competitive interaction between these two ions. In conjunction with TGA and MIP characterizations, the immersion experiment was conducted to investigate the associated influence on sulphate attack and the ensuing microevolution of cementitious systems. It was observed that under the dynamic competition of ions, the specimens exhibited slower and milder strength variations in combined exposure compared to the situation in sole sulphate attack. Interestingly, increasing the slag content lowered the interaction scale between chloride and sulphate ions but improved overall compressive strength. The influence of such active interaction on sulphate diffusion was detected as a “two-stages” process that comprised both ascending and descending stages. Moreover, the ΔS-F value decreased as the w/c ratio increased, which was contrary to the trend observed for chloride ions in our previous study. In addition, increasing the slag dosage extended the duration of dynamic competition acting on the binding behavior of sulphate. The reduced fraction of AFt due to the presence of chloride increased in the mixture incorporating 50% slag. In contrast, the associated value had already decreased in the plain mixture as time elapsed from 360 to 540&#xa0;days. Furthermore, the multi-factor model and the artificial neural network optimized with a genetic algorithm (GA-BPNN) are established to predict the scale of competitive interaction, and the latter demonstrated significantly stronger applicability in this matter.</p>

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Interaction of sulphate with chloride driven by dynamic competition and the attendant effect on sulphate attack in cementitious systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Zheng Chen,
  • Jiamin Yu,
  • Jiaqi Zhao,
  • Yichen Wang,
  • Chaofan Yi,
  • Yumei Nong

摘要

To better elucidate the complex mechanism underlying the combined chloride and sulphate attack in cementitious systems, this study focuses on the dynamic nature of the competitive interaction between these two ions. In conjunction with TGA and MIP characterizations, the immersion experiment was conducted to investigate the associated influence on sulphate attack and the ensuing microevolution of cementitious systems. It was observed that under the dynamic competition of ions, the specimens exhibited slower and milder strength variations in combined exposure compared to the situation in sole sulphate attack. Interestingly, increasing the slag content lowered the interaction scale between chloride and sulphate ions but improved overall compressive strength. The influence of such active interaction on sulphate diffusion was detected as a “two-stages” process that comprised both ascending and descending stages. Moreover, the ΔS-F value decreased as the w/c ratio increased, which was contrary to the trend observed for chloride ions in our previous study. In addition, increasing the slag dosage extended the duration of dynamic competition acting on the binding behavior of sulphate. The reduced fraction of AFt due to the presence of chloride increased in the mixture incorporating 50% slag. In contrast, the associated value had already decreased in the plain mixture as time elapsed from 360 to 540 days. Furthermore, the multi-factor model and the artificial neural network optimized with a genetic algorithm (GA-BPNN) are established to predict the scale of competitive interaction, and the latter demonstrated significantly stronger applicability in this matter.