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Abstract <p>Despite the numerous advantages of zinc (Zn) as an anode material, aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) still face significant challenges related to dendrite formation and parasitic reactions. These limitations stem from the inherent stripping/plating behavior of the Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes, restricting the full potential of ARZIBs. In this study, we explored the utilization of acetylene black (AB) combined with micrometer-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) as a protective coating to form an artificial solid electrolyte interphase on the Zn anode. The buffer layer of AB/CaCO<sub>3</sub> coating facilitated uniform Zn ion transportation through its refined porous structure, effectively confining Zn stripping/plating to the underlying Zn metal, thereby suppressing dendrite formation and parasitic reactions—advantages not observed with Zn anodes coated solely with AB or CaCO₃. The AB/CaCO<sub>3</sub>-coated Zn full cell exhibited a substantial enhancement in discharge capacity (~ 240 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>) compared to those with bare, AB-, or CaCO<sub>3</sub>-coated Zn anodes (&lt; 190 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>). This study presents a promising strategy of coating Zn anodes with a suitable compound combination to address key challenges encountered in ARZIBs and improve their performance.</p> Highlights <p>Coating zinc anodes with acetylene black and calcium carbonate created an effective buffer layer that prevented direct zinc-electrolyte contact while providing refined nanopores for controlled Zn-ion transport, confining Zn deposition beneath the coating. This approach promoted uniform Zn deposition, suppressed dendrite formation, and reduced side reactions, enhancing the performance of rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.</p> Discussion <p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and efficiency, but limited lithium resources and high costs hinder large-scale applications. This has driven research into alternatives like zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), which offer low cost, safety, and abundant resources. However, Zn anodes face challenges like dendrite formation, parasitic reactions, and interface passivation. To overcome these issues, we coated Zn anodes with acetylene black and calcium carbonate, creating an artificial solid electrolyte interphase that enabled uniform Zn-ion transport, confined Zn deposition beneath the coating, and suppressed dendrite growth, improving battery stability and performance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Acetylene black/CaCO3 coating as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase for Zn metal anode dendrite suppression in aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Sunischa Thongklum,
  • Bochagon Chienwiboonsook,
  • Pimpa Limthongkul,
  • Nisit Tantavichet

摘要

Abstract

Despite the numerous advantages of zinc (Zn) as an anode material, aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) still face significant challenges related to dendrite formation and parasitic reactions. These limitations stem from the inherent stripping/plating behavior of the Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes, restricting the full potential of ARZIBs. In this study, we explored the utilization of acetylene black (AB) combined with micrometer-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a protective coating to form an artificial solid electrolyte interphase on the Zn anode. The buffer layer of AB/CaCO3 coating facilitated uniform Zn ion transportation through its refined porous structure, effectively confining Zn stripping/plating to the underlying Zn metal, thereby suppressing dendrite formation and parasitic reactions—advantages not observed with Zn anodes coated solely with AB or CaCO₃. The AB/CaCO3-coated Zn full cell exhibited a substantial enhancement in discharge capacity (~ 240 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) compared to those with bare, AB-, or CaCO3-coated Zn anodes (< 190 mAh g−1). This study presents a promising strategy of coating Zn anodes with a suitable compound combination to address key challenges encountered in ARZIBs and improve their performance.

Highlights

Coating zinc anodes with acetylene black and calcium carbonate created an effective buffer layer that prevented direct zinc-electrolyte contact while providing refined nanopores for controlled Zn-ion transport, confining Zn deposition beneath the coating. This approach promoted uniform Zn deposition, suppressed dendrite formation, and reduced side reactions, enhancing the performance of rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.

Discussion

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and efficiency, but limited lithium resources and high costs hinder large-scale applications. This has driven research into alternatives like zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), which offer low cost, safety, and abundant resources. However, Zn anodes face challenges like dendrite formation, parasitic reactions, and interface passivation. To overcome these issues, we coated Zn anodes with acetylene black and calcium carbonate, creating an artificial solid electrolyte interphase that enabled uniform Zn-ion transport, confined Zn deposition beneath the coating, and suppressed dendrite growth, improving battery stability and performance.

Graphical abstract