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<p>This study investigated the influence of low-intensity electromagnetic interaction (2.5–4.3 mT) on the microstructural and electrochemical behavior of dissimilar stainless steel (SS) 304L/347 joints welded by submerged arc welding (SAW). The application of transverse magnetic fields during welding induced Lorentz-force stirring within the molten pool, promoting heat and solute homogenization without altering conventional process parameters. Macrostructural analyses revealed smoother bead geometry and a more symmetrical fusion zone. Microstructural examinations showed refined, isotropic grains and a transformation of continuous δ-ferrite networks into discrete intragranular filaments that effectively pinned grain boundaries. Double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests demonstrated a marked reduction in the degree of sensitization, with Ir/Ia ratios &lt; 0.05, particularly on the SS 347 side, indicating suppressed chromium depletion and enhanced passive film stability.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effect of low-intensity electromagnetic interaction on dissimilar 304L/347 stainless steels welded by SAW

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Carlos Adrián García-Ochoa,
  • Maleni García-Gómez,
  • Jorge Alejandro Verduzco-Martinez,
  • Francisco Fernando Curiel-Lopez,
  • Víctor Hugo López-Morelos,
  • María Del Carmen Ramirez- Lopez,
  • Julio Cesar Verduzco-Juárez

摘要

This study investigated the influence of low-intensity electromagnetic interaction (2.5–4.3 mT) on the microstructural and electrochemical behavior of dissimilar stainless steel (SS) 304L/347 joints welded by submerged arc welding (SAW). The application of transverse magnetic fields during welding induced Lorentz-force stirring within the molten pool, promoting heat and solute homogenization without altering conventional process parameters. Macrostructural analyses revealed smoother bead geometry and a more symmetrical fusion zone. Microstructural examinations showed refined, isotropic grains and a transformation of continuous δ-ferrite networks into discrete intragranular filaments that effectively pinned grain boundaries. Double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests demonstrated a marked reduction in the degree of sensitization, with Ir/Ia ratios < 0.05, particularly on the SS 347 side, indicating suppressed chromium depletion and enhanced passive film stability.

Graphical abstract