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<p>Composite membranes based on chitosan (CS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized and characterized for potential use as proton exchange membranes (PEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed effective integration of the polymers, while scanning electron microscopy revealed a more homogeneous morphology and improved dispersion of the components in the CS/PTFE/PPy membranes. Incorporation of PTFE and PPy enhanced thermal stability and increased electrical conductivity, reaching 1.37 × 10<sup>−5</sup>&#xa0;S&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> after polypyrrole incorporation, compared to 7.17 × 10<sup>−6</sup>&#xa0;S&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> in pure CS. The CS/PTFE/PPy membrane exhibited a water retention capacity (WRC) of 25.6%, slightly higher than pure CS (22.1%). This result indicates that PPy incorporation does not adversely affect water retention while preserving a suitable balance between hydrophilicity and electrical conductivity. Overall, the results indicate a synergistic effect between CS, PTFE, and PPy, improving hydration, stability, and electrical properties, highlighting their potential use in PEM.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/polypyrrole/polytetrafluoroethylene polymeric membranes for fuel cell applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Juan Carlos Carranza-Cruz,
  • Celso Hernández-Tenorio,
  • Hilda Moreno-Saavedra,
  • Claudia A. Cortés-Escobedo,
  • Arturo Tepale-Cortés,
  • Omar C. Díaz-Lobatón

摘要

Composite membranes based on chitosan (CS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized and characterized for potential use as proton exchange membranes (PEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed effective integration of the polymers, while scanning electron microscopy revealed a more homogeneous morphology and improved dispersion of the components in the CS/PTFE/PPy membranes. Incorporation of PTFE and PPy enhanced thermal stability and increased electrical conductivity, reaching 1.37 × 10−5 S cm−1 after polypyrrole incorporation, compared to 7.17 × 10−6 S cm−1 in pure CS. The CS/PTFE/PPy membrane exhibited a water retention capacity (WRC) of 25.6%, slightly higher than pure CS (22.1%). This result indicates that PPy incorporation does not adversely affect water retention while preserving a suitable balance between hydrophilicity and electrical conductivity. Overall, the results indicate a synergistic effect between CS, PTFE, and PPy, improving hydration, stability, and electrical properties, highlighting their potential use in PEM.

Graphical abstract