<p>In this study, V₂O₅ and Ce-doped V₂O₅ electrode materials were synthesised to improve electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of well-crystallised V₂O₅, whilst Ce doping introduced lattice defects and oxygen vacancies that enhanced electrical conductivity. FESEM studies showed that Ce incorporation changed the material structure by creating a more porous form, which enables better electrolyte ion movement. The electrochemical tests revealed that Ce-doped V₂O₅ showed increased redox activity, higher specific capacitance and better charge transfer performance when compared to V₂O₅. A maximum specific capacitance of 748.7 F g⁻¹ was achieved at 2 A g⁻¹, which is significantly higher than undoped V₂O₅ and maintained capacitance retention of 116% around 5000 cycles for Ce-doped V₂O₅. Doped electrode exhibited stable performance throughout testing, which showed its enhanced ability to maintain structural integrity. The results indicate that Ce-doped V₂O₅ gives an effective electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor energy storage applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>