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<p>Green methods for nanoparticle synthesis are highly attractive due to their versatility, purity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Green Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) biosynthesized with fungi present varying sizes, shapes, colloidal stability, and outstanding biological activity, but their structural properties have not been widely researched. In this study, the structural characterization of green AuNPs synthesized with the extracellular extract of <i>Epicoccum nigrum</i> at pH conditions of 5, 6, and 8 was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis revealed NPs with diverse geometric structures and a broad size distribution (1–380&#xa0;nm), following a trimodal distribution. Electron diffraction and fast Fourier transform patterns evidenced stacking faults and dislocations within the NPs, generating single, multiple, and cyclic twinning. The stacking faults influenced nanocrystals’ anisotropic growth, which led to the formation of nanoplatelets. Lastly, the acidic medium resulted in more triangular nanoplatelets than the alkaline medium.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Structural characterization by HRTEM of gold nanoparticles biosynthesized with fungal extracellular extract of Epicoccum nigrum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Fernando Luna-Álvarez,
  • Jesús Guzmán-Moreno,
  • Luz Elena Vidales-Rodríguez,
  • Carlos Angeles-Chávez

摘要

Green methods for nanoparticle synthesis are highly attractive due to their versatility, purity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Green Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) biosynthesized with fungi present varying sizes, shapes, colloidal stability, and outstanding biological activity, but their structural properties have not been widely researched. In this study, the structural characterization of green AuNPs synthesized with the extracellular extract of Epicoccum nigrum at pH conditions of 5, 6, and 8 was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis revealed NPs with diverse geometric structures and a broad size distribution (1–380 nm), following a trimodal distribution. Electron diffraction and fast Fourier transform patterns evidenced stacking faults and dislocations within the NPs, generating single, multiple, and cyclic twinning. The stacking faults influenced nanocrystals’ anisotropic growth, which led to the formation of nanoplatelets. Lastly, the acidic medium resulted in more triangular nanoplatelets than the alkaline medium.

Graphical abstract