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<p>Zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) at 70&#xa0;°C with deposition times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180&#xa0;min to evaluate their optical, surface, and thermal performance for smart-window applications. The films exhibited an optical bandgap of 3.8&#xa0;eV, consistent with the 3.6–3.9&#xa0;eV range reported in the literature. Adhesion tests (ASTM D3359) confirmed strong film–substrate bonding (5B for all samples). Contact angle measurements showed modified wettability: 31–35° versus 12° for bare glass. Accelerated thermal aging at 120&#xa0;°C produced negligible changes in optical properties. Under direct solar exposure, ZnS-coated windows showed Δ<i>T</i> = 2.1&#xa0;°C versus 1.2&#xa0;°C for bare glass, indicating enhanced thermal response. These results demonstrate that ZnS is a multifunctional coating with reproducible properties, scalable fabrication, and strong potential for integration into passive smart windows, optical coatings, and optoelectronic devices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional ZnS thin films for passive smart windows: Optical, surface, and thermal characterization via scalable fabrication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Víctor Levi González Ajuech,
  • Kassandra Carrillo Amezcua,
  • Yolanda Jiménez Flores,
  • Mónica Balvanera Ortuño López

摘要

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) at 70 °C with deposition times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min to evaluate their optical, surface, and thermal performance for smart-window applications. The films exhibited an optical bandgap of 3.8 eV, consistent with the 3.6–3.9 eV range reported in the literature. Adhesion tests (ASTM D3359) confirmed strong film–substrate bonding (5B for all samples). Contact angle measurements showed modified wettability: 31–35° versus 12° for bare glass. Accelerated thermal aging at 120 °C produced negligible changes in optical properties. Under direct solar exposure, ZnS-coated windows showed ΔT = 2.1 °C versus 1.2 °C for bare glass, indicating enhanced thermal response. These results demonstrate that ZnS is a multifunctional coating with reproducible properties, scalable fabrication, and strong potential for integration into passive smart windows, optical coatings, and optoelectronic devices.

Graphical abstract