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<p>Alternative sources of chitosan and starch provide sustainable options for biodegradable film development. This study evaluated films prepared from chitosan extracted from <i>Anastrepha ludens</i> puparia combined with avocado seed or unripe plantain starch (1:1 w/w). Films were characterized for physicochemical, optical, techno-functional, structural, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties. Chitosan–plantain starch (Ch–Ps) films showed higher luminosity (<i>L</i> = 81.08), lower chromaticity (<i>a</i>* = 0.56; <i>b</i>* = 5.06), and 54.8% less opacity than chitosan–avocado starch (Ch–As) films. Despite their thinner thickness (0.11&#xa0;mm), Ch–Ps films exhibited greater flexibility (17.17%) with similar tensile strength (~ 4&#xa0;MPa), but higher moisture, swelling, and solubility. FTIR spectra confirmed polysaccharide interactions within the films, while antibacterial assays showed contact inhibition against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>S. typhimurium</i>, attributed to chitosan amino groups. Overall, insect-derived chitosan combined with non-conventional starches enables tailored film properties, with Ch–Ps suitable for flexible and transparent applications and Ch–As for barrier-oriented packaging.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Puparia (Anastrepha ludens) chitosan-unconventional starch blends as innovative biomaterials for next-generation films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Rosa L. Zapata-Luna,
  • Héctor Martín-López,
  • Lizeth Cruz-Martínez,
  • Emanuel Herrera-Pool,
  • Juan C. Cuevas-Bernardino,
  • Teresa Ayora-Talavera,
  • Pablo Liedo,
  • Karina Jiménez-Morales,
  • Neith Pacheco

摘要

Alternative sources of chitosan and starch provide sustainable options for biodegradable film development. This study evaluated films prepared from chitosan extracted from Anastrepha ludens puparia combined with avocado seed or unripe plantain starch (1:1 w/w). Films were characterized for physicochemical, optical, techno-functional, structural, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties. Chitosan–plantain starch (Ch–Ps) films showed higher luminosity (L = 81.08), lower chromaticity (a* = 0.56; b* = 5.06), and 54.8% less opacity than chitosan–avocado starch (Ch–As) films. Despite their thinner thickness (0.11 mm), Ch–Ps films exhibited greater flexibility (17.17%) with similar tensile strength (~ 4 MPa), but higher moisture, swelling, and solubility. FTIR spectra confirmed polysaccharide interactions within the films, while antibacterial assays showed contact inhibition against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium, attributed to chitosan amino groups. Overall, insect-derived chitosan combined with non-conventional starches enables tailored film properties, with Ch–Ps suitable for flexible and transparent applications and Ch–As for barrier-oriented packaging.

Graphical abstract