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<p>In this study, AZ91E/Ti nanocomposites were produced by high-energy mechanical alloying (5–10&#xa0;h) and cold compaction to examine the effects of Ti nanoparticle content and milling duration on microstructural refinement and tribological behavior. XRD showed progressive β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ dissolution and grain refinement with longer milling, while SEM revealed uniform Ti dispersion only at moderate loadings; higher contents (10 wt%) or extended milling led to agglomeration and porosity. Microhardness increased with Ti content, reaching 116 HV for the 10 wt% Ti composite milled for 5&#xa0;h, whereas prolonged milling (10&#xa0;h) resulted in lower maximum hardness (108 HV). Pin-on-disk tests (3–5 N) indicated that wear resistance depends strongly on reinforcement processing interactions: composites with 5 wt% Ti milled for 5&#xa0;h achieved the lowest wear rates and friction (0.25–0.35), while 10 wt% Ti processed for 10&#xa0;h showed the highest wear. Optimal performance occurs with moderate Ti contents and shorter milling times.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mechanical and tribological properties of AZ91E /NP-Ti composites produced by mechanical alloying

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Lázaro A. Falcón-Franco,
  • Jessica G. Chávez Martínez,
  • J. García Guerra,
  • Sergio García Villarreal,
  • Manuel A. Filio-García

摘要

In this study, AZ91E/Ti nanocomposites were produced by high-energy mechanical alloying (5–10 h) and cold compaction to examine the effects of Ti nanoparticle content and milling duration on microstructural refinement and tribological behavior. XRD showed progressive β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ dissolution and grain refinement with longer milling, while SEM revealed uniform Ti dispersion only at moderate loadings; higher contents (10 wt%) or extended milling led to agglomeration and porosity. Microhardness increased with Ti content, reaching 116 HV for the 10 wt% Ti composite milled for 5 h, whereas prolonged milling (10 h) resulted in lower maximum hardness (108 HV). Pin-on-disk tests (3–5 N) indicated that wear resistance depends strongly on reinforcement processing interactions: composites with 5 wt% Ti milled for 5 h achieved the lowest wear rates and friction (0.25–0.35), while 10 wt% Ti processed for 10 h showed the highest wear. Optimal performance occurs with moderate Ti contents and shorter milling times.

Graphical abstract