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<p>This study introduces solar drying as a sustainable post-processing strategy for biologically and chemically modified chitosan, evaluating its physicochemical and antibacterial properties both individually and in combination with propolis extracts. Four chitosans were obtained by chemical deacetylation using NaOH (60%, w/v) and subsequently dried in a convective oven or a solar system. Moisture, ash, deacetylation degree (DA), solubility, and molecular weight (Mw) of chitosan were determined. Blends of chitosan with propolis extracts were prepared and characterized in terms of structural properties and antibacterial activity. Sun-dried chitosan showed DA ranged from 53 to 68%, and Mw varied from 84 to 129 KDa. FT-IR confirmed the characteristic chemical structure of chitosan indicating non-affection by solar drying compared to the conventional one. Chitosan blends with propolis extract markedly improved antibacterial activity due to the synergistic interaction between chitosan amine groups and propolis’ composition. These results support the potential of solar drier chitosan–propolis blends for developing antibacterial biomaterials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Solar-drying chitosan from biological sonicated chitin: Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial enhancement via propolis extract blending

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Ulil Us-Medina,
  • Irandy Alejandra Poot-Mateo,
  • Jesús Antonio López-García,
  • Héctor Alberto Martín-López,
  • Emanuel Herrera Pool,
  • Ángel Humberto Cabrera-Ramírez,
  • Neith Pacheco

摘要

This study introduces solar drying as a sustainable post-processing strategy for biologically and chemically modified chitosan, evaluating its physicochemical and antibacterial properties both individually and in combination with propolis extracts. Four chitosans were obtained by chemical deacetylation using NaOH (60%, w/v) and subsequently dried in a convective oven or a solar system. Moisture, ash, deacetylation degree (DA), solubility, and molecular weight (Mw) of chitosan were determined. Blends of chitosan with propolis extracts were prepared and characterized in terms of structural properties and antibacterial activity. Sun-dried chitosan showed DA ranged from 53 to 68%, and Mw varied from 84 to 129 KDa. FT-IR confirmed the characteristic chemical structure of chitosan indicating non-affection by solar drying compared to the conventional one. Chitosan blends with propolis extract markedly improved antibacterial activity due to the synergistic interaction between chitosan amine groups and propolis’ composition. These results support the potential of solar drier chitosan–propolis blends for developing antibacterial biomaterials.

Graphical Abstract