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<p>Spent coffee grounds (SCG) were pyrolyzed at 700, 800, and 900&#xa0;°C under argon to obtain biochars with tunable structural and functional properties. Importantly, this study provides new insight by establishing a direct correlation between multiscale structural transitions (FTIR, XRD, Raman, TGA/DTG) and the resulting functional performance, particularly electrical behavior. FTIR showed progressive carbonization and reduced surface polarity, while XRD and Raman confirmed increased graphitization and laminar ordering. TGA/DTG indicated improved thermal stability, particularly in BC900, which exhibited a more condensed aromatic structure and minimal mass loss. Electrical conductivity reached 1.43 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> S/cm at 900&#xa0;°C, which is indicative of structural consolidation and smoother textures observed microscopically. Overall, SCG-derived biochar, particularly BC900, emerges as a promising reinforcing filler for polymeric matrices aimed at thermally and electrically functional composites. Its optimized stability and moderate conductivity highlight potential applications in antistatic materials, thermal insulators, and low-cost catalytic supports.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional characterization of biochar obtained from coffee waste pyrolysis: Structural, electrical, and thermal properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Héctor Miranda-Pacindo,
  • Nelly Flores-Ramirez,
  • Salomon R. Vasquez-Garcia,
  • Francisco Gabriel Granados-Martínez,
  • Leandro García-González,
  • Lada Domratcheva-Lvova,
  • Luis Zamora-Peredo

摘要

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) were pyrolyzed at 700, 800, and 900 °C under argon to obtain biochars with tunable structural and functional properties. Importantly, this study provides new insight by establishing a direct correlation between multiscale structural transitions (FTIR, XRD, Raman, TGA/DTG) and the resulting functional performance, particularly electrical behavior. FTIR showed progressive carbonization and reduced surface polarity, while XRD and Raman confirmed increased graphitization and laminar ordering. TGA/DTG indicated improved thermal stability, particularly in BC900, which exhibited a more condensed aromatic structure and minimal mass loss. Electrical conductivity reached 1.43 × 10⁻5 S/cm at 900 °C, which is indicative of structural consolidation and smoother textures observed microscopically. Overall, SCG-derived biochar, particularly BC900, emerges as a promising reinforcing filler for polymeric matrices aimed at thermally and electrically functional composites. Its optimized stability and moderate conductivity highlight potential applications in antistatic materials, thermal insulators, and low-cost catalytic supports.

Graphical abstract