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<p>This study demonstrates the successful development of fully bio-based composites using rosin as the matrix and rice husk (RH) as a sustainable reinforcement. SEM–EDS revealed homogeneous RH dispersion and increasing silica content with RH incorporation, while FTIR revealed hydroxyl and siloxane bonds that govern interfacial interactions and moisture affinity. The composites exhibited a modest increase in Shore hardness (1.8%) and density, along with a significant enhancement in tensile strength, reaching enhancements of up to 50% at low RH contents. Despite the hydrophilic nature of RH, water uptake remained low (&lt; 0.2%), preserving hydrophobicity. Flame resistance improved significantly, with combustion rates reduced by ~ 50% compared to neat rosin. These results highlight the potential of rosin–RH composites as environmentally friendly materials with balanced mechanical, moisture-resistant, and flame-retardant properties, offering a promising route for the valorization of agro-industrial residues in sustainable material applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Properties of sustainable compounds based on rosin and rice husk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Erica Arreola-Garcia,
  • Salomon R. Vasquez-Garcia,
  • Nelly Flores-Ramirez,
  • Luis Rafael Olmos-Navarrete,
  • Raul Espinoza-Herrera,
  • Daniel Fernandez-Quiroz

摘要

This study demonstrates the successful development of fully bio-based composites using rosin as the matrix and rice husk (RH) as a sustainable reinforcement. SEM–EDS revealed homogeneous RH dispersion and increasing silica content with RH incorporation, while FTIR revealed hydroxyl and siloxane bonds that govern interfacial interactions and moisture affinity. The composites exhibited a modest increase in Shore hardness (1.8%) and density, along with a significant enhancement in tensile strength, reaching enhancements of up to 50% at low RH contents. Despite the hydrophilic nature of RH, water uptake remained low (< 0.2%), preserving hydrophobicity. Flame resistance improved significantly, with combustion rates reduced by ~ 50% compared to neat rosin. These results highlight the potential of rosin–RH composites as environmentally friendly materials with balanced mechanical, moisture-resistant, and flame-retardant properties, offering a promising route for the valorization of agro-industrial residues in sustainable material applications.

Graphical abstract