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<p>Conservation of wooden heritage requires strategies that combine structural stability with respect for historical material value. This study analyzes the mechanical behavior of Jupiter-Ray joints made with healthy and reclaimed wood of pine, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate adhesive (MDI). Three variants (four, two, and a central pin) were tested under static bending. Additionally, through X-ray microcomputed tomography adhesive distribution, penetration, and continuity within the anatomical structure of the wood were determined. Results showed that four-bolt joints achieved the highest strength even when made exclusively with reclaimed wood, reaching strength values comparable to species traditionally used in construction such as yellow pine. Fiber orientation and lumen diameter drives the penetration of the adhesive throughout the wood at the joints. From 3D images, adhesive infiltration is mainly found inside lumens and damaged cell walls. Overall, MDI enhanced joint stability, ensuring reinforcement aligned with minimal intervention, reversibility, and material compatibility in heritage conservation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mechanical evaluation of wood joints with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and its 3D analysis by computed tomography

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • María Alejandra López-Vivanco,
  • Mayra Irery Carrillo-Gómez,
  • Luis Olmos,
  • Raúl Espinoza-Herrera

摘要

Conservation of wooden heritage requires strategies that combine structural stability with respect for historical material value. This study analyzes the mechanical behavior of Jupiter-Ray joints made with healthy and reclaimed wood of pine, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate adhesive (MDI). Three variants (four, two, and a central pin) were tested under static bending. Additionally, through X-ray microcomputed tomography adhesive distribution, penetration, and continuity within the anatomical structure of the wood were determined. Results showed that four-bolt joints achieved the highest strength even when made exclusively with reclaimed wood, reaching strength values comparable to species traditionally used in construction such as yellow pine. Fiber orientation and lumen diameter drives the penetration of the adhesive throughout the wood at the joints. From 3D images, adhesive infiltration is mainly found inside lumens and damaged cell walls. Overall, MDI enhanced joint stability, ensuring reinforcement aligned with minimal intervention, reversibility, and material compatibility in heritage conservation.

Graphical abstract