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Abstract <p>The effects of hot-strip annealing (HSA) have been extensively investigated in ultra-low-carbon, medium-silicon electrical steels. Mexican steel producers mainly manufacture low-carbon, low-silicon electrical steels, and therefore, investigating the effects of HSA in low-carbon, medium-silicon steels becomes of special importance for the development of more efficient electrical steel grades. This work presents the microstructure and magnetic properties of low-carbon (0.047% C) and medium-silicon (3.0% Si) electrical steels subjected to HSA and processed by one- or two-step cold rolling and annealing schedules. The microstructure was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the magnetic properties were evaluated at 1.0 and 1.5&#xa0;T and 50 and 60&#xa0;Hz. The results show that HSA promotes the development of columnar-grained microstructures with significant grain growth and carbide removal, leading to final products with low core loss and high magnetic permeability that can be used for the manufacture of cores for electric motors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Microstructure and magnetic properties of low-carbon Fe–3% Si electrical steels subjected to a two-step hot-strip annealing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • B. A. Resendiz,
  • L. A. Hernández,
  • F. Hernández,
  • R. Deaquino,
  • A. Salinas,
  • M. Z. Saavedra,
  • L. Guerra,
  • L. Hernández,
  • E. J. Gutiérrez

摘要

Abstract

The effects of hot-strip annealing (HSA) have been extensively investigated in ultra-low-carbon, medium-silicon electrical steels. Mexican steel producers mainly manufacture low-carbon, low-silicon electrical steels, and therefore, investigating the effects of HSA in low-carbon, medium-silicon steels becomes of special importance for the development of more efficient electrical steel grades. This work presents the microstructure and magnetic properties of low-carbon (0.047% C) and medium-silicon (3.0% Si) electrical steels subjected to HSA and processed by one- or two-step cold rolling and annealing schedules. The microstructure was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the magnetic properties were evaluated at 1.0 and 1.5 T and 50 and 60 Hz. The results show that HSA promotes the development of columnar-grained microstructures with significant grain growth and carbide removal, leading to final products with low core loss and high magnetic permeability that can be used for the manufacture of cores for electric motors.

Graphical abstract