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Abstract <p>In this study, the influence of two Fe precursor salts, FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O and Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·9H<sub>2</sub>O, on the properties of Fe-doped BaZrO<sub>3</sub> was investigated. The materials were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, and SEM analysis revealed well-defined rhombic dodecahedral particles. XRD confirmed the formation of a cubic perovskite phase, while UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed band gap narrowing upon Fe incorporation. Electrochemical studies provided insights into the charge transfer processes and the estimated band positions of the materials. Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution tests were conducted under UV irradiation using a mercury lamp (<i>λ</i> = 254&#xa0;nm, 4.4 mW&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>). BaZrO<sub>3</sub> doped with 5.0 at.% Fe(III) (from Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·9H<sub>2</sub>O) exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate (60.96&#xa0;µmol&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>&#xa0;h⁻<sup>1</sup>), representing a sixfold enhancement compared to undoped BaZrO<sub>3</sub>. FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O also improved the photocatalytic activity; its effect was less pronounced, highlighting the importance of precursor selection. These findings position Fe-doped BaZrO<sub>3</sub> as a promising photocatalyst for UV-driven hydrogen generation from water.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Fe-doped BaZrO3 for hydrogen evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Catalina Vega-Reyes,
  • Iliana E. Medina-Ramírez,
  • Luis A. Díaz-Torres,
  • Carlos A. Pineda-Arellano

摘要

Abstract

In this study, the influence of two Fe precursor salts, FeSO4·7H2O and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, on the properties of Fe-doped BaZrO3 was investigated. The materials were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, and SEM analysis revealed well-defined rhombic dodecahedral particles. XRD confirmed the formation of a cubic perovskite phase, while UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed band gap narrowing upon Fe incorporation. Electrochemical studies provided insights into the charge transfer processes and the estimated band positions of the materials. Photocatalytic H2 evolution tests were conducted under UV irradiation using a mercury lamp (λ = 254 nm, 4.4 mW cm−2). BaZrO3 doped with 5.0 at.% Fe(III) (from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate (60.96 µmol g⁻1 h⁻1), representing a sixfold enhancement compared to undoped BaZrO3. FeSO4·7H2O also improved the photocatalytic activity; its effect was less pronounced, highlighting the importance of precursor selection. These findings position Fe-doped BaZrO3 as a promising photocatalyst for UV-driven hydrogen generation from water.

Graphical abstract