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<p>In industrial applications, superhydrophobic coatings are required to endure extended liquid immersion, yet their immersion resistance has drawn increasing concern. Typically, superhydrophobicity relies on the synergistic design of micro/nanostructures and chemical composition, often achieved using low-surface-energy organic modifiers that can be environmentally hazardous. However, fabricating coatings with enhanced immersion resistance without such substances remains challenging. Here, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ni composite coating with “pinecone-like” micro/nanostructures was successfully electrodeposited on a 304 stainless steel substrate without low-surface-energy modifiers. Incorporation of rGO altered the preferred orientation of Ni crystal growth and reduced surface energy by 74.1% compared with pure Ni coating. Moreover, the rGO/Ni coating exhibited improved water immersion resistance due to increased Laplace pressure differences generated by its microstructural geometry. This work offers a green and cost-effective strategy for producing superhydrophobic coatings with enhanced immersion resistance on metal substrates.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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Improving water immersion resistance through optimizing surface energy of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/nickel composite superhydrophobic coating

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Jingyi Zhang,
  • Tao Ma,
  • Dandan Chen,
  • Bin Zhang

摘要

In industrial applications, superhydrophobic coatings are required to endure extended liquid immersion, yet their immersion resistance has drawn increasing concern. Typically, superhydrophobicity relies on the synergistic design of micro/nanostructures and chemical composition, often achieved using low-surface-energy organic modifiers that can be environmentally hazardous. However, fabricating coatings with enhanced immersion resistance without such substances remains challenging. Here, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ni composite coating with “pinecone-like” micro/nanostructures was successfully electrodeposited on a 304 stainless steel substrate without low-surface-energy modifiers. Incorporation of rGO altered the preferred orientation of Ni crystal growth and reduced surface energy by 74.1% compared with pure Ni coating. Moreover, the rGO/Ni coating exhibited improved water immersion resistance due to increased Laplace pressure differences generated by its microstructural geometry. This work offers a green and cost-effective strategy for producing superhydrophobic coatings with enhanced immersion resistance on metal substrates.

Graphic Abstract