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Abstract <p>Aluminum (Al) alloys are critical in the aerospace and automotive industries due to their low density, high strength, and corrosion resistance. However, their low hardness and wear resistance limit their use in other applications. This study examines the impact of bismuth (Bi) addition on Al–10Cu alloys manufactured through conventional powder metallurgy. Main results revealed that the addition of Bi increased the density of both green and sintered samples. Sintered densities increased by up to 8.37% due to the addition of Bi and the sintering parameters. An increase in microhardness values was observed, resulting from the densification of the samples. The lack of miscibility between Bi and the other alloy components resulted in solidified Bi particles that effectively filled the voids between the alloy particles. The addition of Bi notably reduced CoF; the AlCu-3Bi sample demonstrated a CoF that was 28% lower than the control sample, resulting from a tribolayer formation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Influence of bismuth addition on the microstructure and coefficient of friction in microwear tests of an Al–10Cu alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • J. Chávez,
  • B. Verduzco,
  • O. Jiménez,
  • D. Bravo-Barcenas,
  • M. Flores-Jiménez,
  • E. Rodríguez,
  • J. Ibarra

摘要

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) alloys are critical in the aerospace and automotive industries due to their low density, high strength, and corrosion resistance. However, their low hardness and wear resistance limit their use in other applications. This study examines the impact of bismuth (Bi) addition on Al–10Cu alloys manufactured through conventional powder metallurgy. Main results revealed that the addition of Bi increased the density of both green and sintered samples. Sintered densities increased by up to 8.37% due to the addition of Bi and the sintering parameters. An increase in microhardness values was observed, resulting from the densification of the samples. The lack of miscibility between Bi and the other alloy components resulted in solidified Bi particles that effectively filled the voids between the alloy particles. The addition of Bi notably reduced CoF; the AlCu-3Bi sample demonstrated a CoF that was 28% lower than the control sample, resulting from a tribolayer formation.

Graphical abstract