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<p>This study examines the effects of Nb-microalloying (0.026 and 0.037 wt.%) and solution heat treatment on the microstructure and tribological behavior of low-carbon SAE 1006 steel. Specimens were solution-treated at 1150&#xa0;°C for 1–5&#xa0;h and quenched. The resulting microstructures consisted of ferrite–pearlite matrices containing Nb-rich carbonitrides. Hardness increased after 2&#xa0;h, reaching 228 HV for the 0.026 wt.% Nb steel and 235 HV for the 0.037 wt.% Nb steel after 5&#xa0;h. Under dry sliding against 6&#xa0;mm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> counterparts at 5–12 N, friction coefficients ranged from 0.45 to 0.58, with the higher Nb content showing lower values. The specific wear rate decreased by one order of magnitude: from 7.5 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> to 1.2 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m for 0.026 wt.% Nb, and from 3.0 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> to 8.0 × 10⁻⁶ mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m for 0.037 wt.% Nb. Abrasive and oxidative mechanisms predominated, demonstrating that Nb additions combined with solution treatment significantly enhance wear resistance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Tribological performance of solution-treated niobium-alloyed SAE 1006 steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • David Flores-Hernández,
  • Ma. de Jesús Soria-Aguilar,
  • Josefina García-Guerra,
  • Francisco Carrillo-Pedroza,
  • Carlos A. León-Patiño,
  • Manuel A. Filio García

摘要

This study examines the effects of Nb-microalloying (0.026 and 0.037 wt.%) and solution heat treatment on the microstructure and tribological behavior of low-carbon SAE 1006 steel. Specimens were solution-treated at 1150 °C for 1–5 h and quenched. The resulting microstructures consisted of ferrite–pearlite matrices containing Nb-rich carbonitrides. Hardness increased after 2 h, reaching 228 HV for the 0.026 wt.% Nb steel and 235 HV for the 0.037 wt.% Nb steel after 5 h. Under dry sliding against 6 mm Al2O3 counterparts at 5–12 N, friction coefficients ranged from 0.45 to 0.58, with the higher Nb content showing lower values. The specific wear rate decreased by one order of magnitude: from 7.5 × 10⁻5 to 1.2 × 10⁻5 mm3/N·m for 0.026 wt.% Nb, and from 3.0 × 10⁻5 to 8.0 × 10⁻⁶ mm3/N·m for 0.037 wt.% Nb. Abrasive and oxidative mechanisms predominated, demonstrating that Nb additions combined with solution treatment significantly enhance wear resistance.

Graphical abstract