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<p>This study examined casting as an alternative to powder metallurgy for valve-seat manufacturing. High-chromium white cast irons were engineered with controlled variations in Cr, C, W, and Ni contents to achieve comparable mechanical performance. Hollow bars were designed in SolidWorks, optimized using ProCAST simulations, and subsequently characterized. Heat treatment involving normalization and quenching increased hardness from 35 to 59&#xa0;HRC. Thermodynamic predictions with JMatPro confirmed the presence of eutectic carbides in the as-cast state. While higher Cr and C contents enhanced hardness, they reduced machinability; however, sequential heat treatment facilitated machining prior to final hardening. The cast bars exhibited good dimensional accuracy and satisfactory surface quality. Overall, the findings demonstrate that casting provides a simpler and more cost-effective route than powder metallurgy, delivering valve seat components with equivalent or superior properties and ensuring process reliability for industrial applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Microstructural optimization and heat treatment of high-chromium white cast irons as an alternative to powder metallurgy for engine valve seats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • M. T. Beltz-Pérez,
  • A. Bedolla-Jacuinde,
  • Josué Quintero-Ortiz,
  • F. V. Guerra,
  • A. Zárate-Rangel

摘要

This study examined casting as an alternative to powder metallurgy for valve-seat manufacturing. High-chromium white cast irons were engineered with controlled variations in Cr, C, W, and Ni contents to achieve comparable mechanical performance. Hollow bars were designed in SolidWorks, optimized using ProCAST simulations, and subsequently characterized. Heat treatment involving normalization and quenching increased hardness from 35 to 59 HRC. Thermodynamic predictions with JMatPro confirmed the presence of eutectic carbides in the as-cast state. While higher Cr and C contents enhanced hardness, they reduced machinability; however, sequential heat treatment facilitated machining prior to final hardening. The cast bars exhibited good dimensional accuracy and satisfactory surface quality. Overall, the findings demonstrate that casting provides a simpler and more cost-effective route than powder metallurgy, delivering valve seat components with equivalent or superior properties and ensuring process reliability for industrial applications.

Graphical abstract