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<p>NiFe<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnO (<i>x</i> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) composites were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method to investigate their structural, optical, and thermal properties. XRD confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure, while Mn doping induced lattice expansion and strain. FTIR spectra revealed characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations, with Mn substitution and ZnO incorporation influencing cation distribution and bond dynamics. SEM micrographs showed granular, porous morphologies with improved dispersion in ZnO-containing composites, beneficial for photocatalytic applications. UV–Vis DRS analysis demonstrated band gap narrowing (1.70–1.56&#xa0;eV) due to <i>sp-d</i> exchange interactions and Mn-induced localized states, enhancing visible-light absorption. TGA–DSC studies indicated multistage weight loss with ZnO incorporation improving thermal stability and modifying phase transitions. These results highlight the role of Mn substitution and ZnO coupling in tailoring the structural, optical, and thermal characteristics of NiFe<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Mn<i>ₓ</i>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnO composites, making them promising for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Structural, morphological, vibrational, optical, and thermal properties of NiFe2-xMnxO4/ZnO composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Jayashree Patra,
  • Virendra Kumar Verma

摘要

NiFe2-xMnxO4/ZnO (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) composites were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method to investigate their structural, optical, and thermal properties. XRD confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure, while Mn doping induced lattice expansion and strain. FTIR spectra revealed characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations, with Mn substitution and ZnO incorporation influencing cation distribution and bond dynamics. SEM micrographs showed granular, porous morphologies with improved dispersion in ZnO-containing composites, beneficial for photocatalytic applications. UV–Vis DRS analysis demonstrated band gap narrowing (1.70–1.56 eV) due to sp-d exchange interactions and Mn-induced localized states, enhancing visible-light absorption. TGA–DSC studies indicated multistage weight loss with ZnO incorporation improving thermal stability and modifying phase transitions. These results highlight the role of Mn substitution and ZnO coupling in tailoring the structural, optical, and thermal characteristics of NiFe2-xMnₓO4/ZnO composites, making them promising for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications.

Graphical abstract