<p>Porous silicon anodes were fabricated by electrochemical etching of Si (100) wafers in HF:ethanol electrolytes with ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, followed by optional deposition with graphite-like carbon nanopowders. Morphological analysis revealed interconnected mesoporous networks (10–15&#xa0;nm) with porosities ranging from 58 to 94%, depending on electrolyte composition and etching current. Raman spectroscopy of the nanopowders confirmed a nanocrystalline, graphite-like structure with pronounced D and G bands. Electrical characterization of 12 anodes was conducted using a Keithley 4200A SCS system. Samples prepared with the 1:1 HF:ethanol solution exhibited higher resistivities (~ 10¹⁴&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;cm), whereas those etched in 1:2 HF:ethanol showed lower resistivities (~ 10¹³&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;cm). Carbon deposition consistently reduced resistivity, although the effect was modest compared to electrolyte composition. These findings highlight the critical role of porosity control and carbon deposition in tuning the electrical behavior of porous silicon anodes, with implications for improving their electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>