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<p>We report the green synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a nanocomposite, MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Biomass Carbon@Activated Carbon (MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@BC@AC), derived from peanut shell waste and designed for good performance supercapacitor applications. Structural and morphological analyses reveal a uniform nanocrystalline architecture with a hierarchical porous texture and strong interfacial interactions between MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and the carbon matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis shows a 36% weight loss at 550&#xa0;°C, confirming successful composite formation. Raman, FTIR, and XPS analyses demonstrate the coexistence of metal oxygen bonds (Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺/Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺, Mg<sup>2</sup>⁺) and preserved carbon integrity, enhancing redox activity and electronic conductivity. Electrochemical measurements, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and impedance spectroscopy show that the MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@BC@AC electrode delivers a capacity retention of 27.0&#xa0;mA&#xa0;h&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5&#xa0;A&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, retaining 51.2% at 10&#xa0;A&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, which is superior to MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@BC (33.3&#xa0;mAh&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, 34.52% retention). The nanocomposite exhibits low equivalent series resistance and remarkable cycling stability (98.33% coulombic efficiency up to 5000 cycles), combining electric double-layer and Faradaic contributions. This work demonstrates the upcycling of peanut shell biomass into efficient, sustainable electrode materials, contributing to eco-friendly energy storage technologies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Upcycling peanut shells into high-performance MgFe2O4–carbon nanocomposites for sustainable supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Mbaye Thiam,
  • El Hadji Mamour Sakho,
  • Makha Ndao,
  • Ndeye Maty Ndiaye,
  • Caroline Rosemyya Kwawu,
  • Ahmed Subrati,
  • Eduart Gutierrez-Pineda,
  • Sergio E. Moya,
  • Balla Diop Ngom

摘要

We report the green synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a nanocomposite, MgFe2O4@Biomass Carbon@Activated Carbon (MgFe2O4@BC@AC), derived from peanut shell waste and designed for good performance supercapacitor applications. Structural and morphological analyses reveal a uniform nanocrystalline architecture with a hierarchical porous texture and strong interfacial interactions between MgFe2O4 and the carbon matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis shows a 36% weight loss at 550 °C, confirming successful composite formation. Raman, FTIR, and XPS analyses demonstrate the coexistence of metal oxygen bonds (Fe3⁺/Fe2⁺, Mg2⁺) and preserved carbon integrity, enhancing redox activity and electronic conductivity. Electrochemical measurements, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and impedance spectroscopy show that the MgFe2O4@BC@AC electrode delivers a capacity retention of 27.0 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, retaining 51.2% at 10 A g−1, which is superior to MgFe2O4@BC (33.3 mAh g−1, 34.52% retention). The nanocomposite exhibits low equivalent series resistance and remarkable cycling stability (98.33% coulombic efficiency up to 5000 cycles), combining electric double-layer and Faradaic contributions. This work demonstrates the upcycling of peanut shell biomass into efficient, sustainable electrode materials, contributing to eco-friendly energy storage technologies.

Graphical abstract