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<p>Currently, there is growing interest in the development of materials that combine unique properties to improve performance and sustainability. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs), represent an attractive alternative due to their ability to significantly enhance thermal stability, chemical resistance, and optical transparency. In this study, IPNs of polyurethane (PU) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were synthesized in a 50:50 wt% ratio using a sequential method. Garlic husk particles (GHP) were incorporated at 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The IPN´s were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed effective polymerization, successful incorporation of GHP TGA/DTG revealed the appearance of an additional degradation event around 365&#xa0;°C, associated with lignocellulosic components, while DSC showed upward shifts in the glass transition temperatures of the PU and PMMA phases. SEM analysis demonstrated uniform reinforcement dispersion and a stable morphology without agglomeration.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis of interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPNs) based on PU/PMMA reinforced with garlic husk particles (GHP)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Verónica M. Álvarez-Mártir,
  • Cynthia G. Flores-Hernández,
  • José L. Rivera‑Armenta,
  • Ana B. Morales-Cepeda

摘要

Currently, there is growing interest in the development of materials that combine unique properties to improve performance and sustainability. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs), represent an attractive alternative due to their ability to significantly enhance thermal stability, chemical resistance, and optical transparency. In this study, IPNs of polyurethane (PU) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were synthesized in a 50:50 wt% ratio using a sequential method. Garlic husk particles (GHP) were incorporated at 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The IPN´s were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed effective polymerization, successful incorporation of GHP TGA/DTG revealed the appearance of an additional degradation event around 365 °C, associated with lignocellulosic components, while DSC showed upward shifts in the glass transition temperatures of the PU and PMMA phases. SEM analysis demonstrated uniform reinforcement dispersion and a stable morphology without agglomeration.

Graphic abstract