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<p>Composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) aerogels were synthesized via crystallization-induced gelation in DMF/ethanol mixtures with hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-OH) as nanofillers. The interplay between solvent composition and CNT-OH content was found to control gelation and the development of crystalline phases. FTIR analyses showed that CNT-OH selectively promotes the electroactive β and γ phases, up to 14% and 66%, respectively, while inhibiting the non-polar α phase to 31%. Adding H<sub>2</sub>O as a secondary non-solvent further stabilized the β/γ phases while completely inhibiting the α phase, as well as promoting notable morphological changes. Additionally, aerogels with CNT-OH 1 wt% provided the best mechanical improvement and also influenced vibrational characteristics, causing concentration-dependent shifts in the β-phase band that indicate strong interfacial interaction. These findings demonstrate that CNT-OH-assisted crystallization-induced gelation can produce PVDF aerogels with customizable polymorphism and improved mechanical properties for advanced multifunctional applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effect of carbon nanotubes on polyvinylidene fluoride aerogels prepared by crystallization-induced gelation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Jorge Torres-Rodriguez,
  • Miguel Gijón-Rivera,
  • Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio

摘要

Composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) aerogels were synthesized via crystallization-induced gelation in DMF/ethanol mixtures with hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-OH) as nanofillers. The interplay between solvent composition and CNT-OH content was found to control gelation and the development of crystalline phases. FTIR analyses showed that CNT-OH selectively promotes the electroactive β and γ phases, up to 14% and 66%, respectively, while inhibiting the non-polar α phase to 31%. Adding H2O as a secondary non-solvent further stabilized the β/γ phases while completely inhibiting the α phase, as well as promoting notable morphological changes. Additionally, aerogels with CNT-OH 1 wt% provided the best mechanical improvement and also influenced vibrational characteristics, causing concentration-dependent shifts in the β-phase band that indicate strong interfacial interaction. These findings demonstrate that CNT-OH-assisted crystallization-induced gelation can produce PVDF aerogels with customizable polymorphism and improved mechanical properties for advanced multifunctional applications.

Graphical abstract