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Abstract <p>In this study, the surface transformations of galena in the presence of sodium sulfite and sulfhydryl collectors such as potassium propyl xanthate (XP) and sodium diisobutyldithiophosphinate (DTPi) under controlled thermal conditions were evaluated. Contact angle measurements and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the interactions between fresh galena and oxidized galena in the presence of sodium sulfite as a depressant. Spectroscopic characterization enabled the identification of species such as sulfates, carbonates, sulfites, and organic bonds from the collectors and the correlation of their presence with the hydrophobic response. The results show that XP is sensitive to oxidation, which limits its adsorption on altered surfaces; however, higher temperature partially favors the recovery of hydrophobicity. In contrast, DTPi exhibited higher surface stability and adsorption capacity, even on oxidized galena, which imposes a constraint for efficient Pb–Cu concentrate separation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Characterization of galena in sulfite–collector systems via Raman spectroscopy and its relation to selective Pb‒Cu depression at various temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Oscar Alí Orozco-Navarro,
  • Alejandro López-Valdivieso,
  • Aurora Robledo-Cabrera,
  • Mario Alberto Corona-Arroyo,
  • Shaoxian Song,
  • Valentín Ibarra-Galván,
  • Martha Araceli Elizondo-Álvarez

摘要

Abstract

In this study, the surface transformations of galena in the presence of sodium sulfite and sulfhydryl collectors such as potassium propyl xanthate (XP) and sodium diisobutyldithiophosphinate (DTPi) under controlled thermal conditions were evaluated. Contact angle measurements and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the interactions between fresh galena and oxidized galena in the presence of sodium sulfite as a depressant. Spectroscopic characterization enabled the identification of species such as sulfates, carbonates, sulfites, and organic bonds from the collectors and the correlation of their presence with the hydrophobic response. The results show that XP is sensitive to oxidation, which limits its adsorption on altered surfaces; however, higher temperature partially favors the recovery of hydrophobicity. In contrast, DTPi exhibited higher surface stability and adsorption capacity, even on oxidized galena, which imposes a constraint for efficient Pb–Cu concentrate separation.

Graphical abstract