<p>Latent fingerprint (LFP) detection is an essential aspect of forensic science, yet traditional powders often lack sensitivity and eco-compatibility. In this study, silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles are synthesized from sugarcane bagasse ash using a green synthesis method and are applied for fingerprint detection. Structural and surface analyses using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM confirm the presence of amorphous–crystalline silica with high porosity and surface reactivity, features that enhance interaction with fingerprint residues. The nanoparticles are applied via powder dusting and tested on various porous and non-porous substrates including glass, plastic, cardboard, wood, and metallic surfaces. The results show excellent adhesion to ridge residues, producing high-contrast and well-defined patterns, particularly on smooth non-porous surfaces, while maintaining efficiency on challenging backgrounds such as foil and curved metals. This eco-friendly, low-cost method demonstrates the effectiveness of sustainable nanomaterials in forensic applications, offering a green alternative for high-resolution fingerprint detection.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Green-synthesized SiO₂ nanoparticles from sugarcane bagasse ash enable high-resolution latent fingerprint detection with enhanced contrast on various surfaces. This eco-friendly, cost-effective approach advances forensic visualization while supporting sustainable nanotechnology practices.</p> <p></p>