<p>Kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis was performed for magnesium samples with fine grains after experiencing cyclic tension-tension testing with a range of loading conditions at the experimental temperature of 0&#xa0;°C. Three cyclic testing cases were selected to investigate the influence of different maximum loading stress values on KAM. These cases represent the low, medium, and high maximum stress levels experienced by a sample. In addition, the as-rolled sample and the quasi-static tensile-tested sample were included for comparisons, and the as-rolled sample represents the sample state without undergoing mechanical testing. The results show that the as-rolled sample has larger local misorientation than the mechanically-tested samples. The mechanically-tested samples also have much larger regions with medium local misorientation compared to the as-rolled sample. The regions with high kernel average misorientation angles are located primarily next to grain boundaries for all samples.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>