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<p>Herein, the integration of N-doped graphene oxide (NGO)-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and microalgal to produce a novel nanostructured NGO-CNTs@microalgal hybrid with highly efficient removal of Pb(II) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The prepared NGO-CNTs@microalgal nanohybrids were characterized by FTIR, BET, XPS, and zeta potential. The NGO-CNTs@microalgal exhibited enhanced porosity, surface area, and a higher number of functionalities. The high surface area, functionalities, and porous network structure of the NGO-CNTs@microalgal provide sufficient interaction with the Pb(II) ion, resulting in fast and high removal efficiency. At optimum conditions (pH = 6, dose = 10&#xa0;mg, and initial concentration = 10&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>), the NGO-CNTs and NGO-CNTs@microalgal nanohybrids achieved the maximum adsorption removal of about 83% and 100% for Pb(II) species, respectively. The most rapid adsorption occurred in the first 30&#xa0;min of contact time, with the equilibrium time reached in 30&#xa0;min for the NGO-CNTs@microalgal nanohybrids with the algal loading up to 600&#xa0;mg. Therefore, NGO-CNTs@microalgal-based nanohybrids can be effectively utilized as a potential adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water sources and wastewater.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Highly efficient removal of Pb(II) using a novel N-doped graphene oxide–carbon nanotubes@microalgal nanostructured hybrids from aqueous solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Kholiswa Yokwana,
  • Timothy O. Ajiboye,
  • Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja,
  • Sabelo D. Mhlanga

摘要

Herein, the integration of N-doped graphene oxide (NGO)-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and microalgal to produce a novel nanostructured NGO-CNTs@microalgal hybrid with highly efficient removal of Pb(II) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The prepared NGO-CNTs@microalgal nanohybrids were characterized by FTIR, BET, XPS, and zeta potential. The NGO-CNTs@microalgal exhibited enhanced porosity, surface area, and a higher number of functionalities. The high surface area, functionalities, and porous network structure of the NGO-CNTs@microalgal provide sufficient interaction with the Pb(II) ion, resulting in fast and high removal efficiency. At optimum conditions (pH = 6, dose = 10 mg, and initial concentration = 10 mg L−1), the NGO-CNTs and NGO-CNTs@microalgal nanohybrids achieved the maximum adsorption removal of about 83% and 100% for Pb(II) species, respectively. The most rapid adsorption occurred in the first 30 min of contact time, with the equilibrium time reached in 30 min for the NGO-CNTs@microalgal nanohybrids with the algal loading up to 600 mg. Therefore, NGO-CNTs@microalgal-based nanohybrids can be effectively utilized as a potential adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water sources and wastewater.

Graphical abstract