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<p>This study examines the impact of annealing temperature (300–700&#xa0;°C) on SnO<sub>2</sub> thin films spin-coated from stannous chloride. X-ray diffraction confirmed a polycrystalline, tetragonal structure, with optimal crystallinity at 500&#xa0;°C. Optical absorbance peaked at 302&#xa0;nm for films annealed at 500&#xa0;°C, and the optical bandgap decreased to 3.65&#xa0;eV as temperature increased. SEM revealed a shift from nanoflakes (300&#xa0;°C) to nanoflowers (600&#xa0;°C). Films annealed at 500&#xa0;°C showed the highest conductivity (2–4 kΩ), while those at 400&#xa0;°C had the poorest crystallinity and highest resistance (30–50 kΩ). The findings highlight 500&#xa0;°C as optimal for SnO<sub>2</sub> film properties.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Annealing temperature effects on SnO2 thin films: Structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties for optoelectronics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Manmohan Mishra,
  • Sandeep Kumar Singh,
  • Mahendra Kumar

摘要

This study examines the impact of annealing temperature (300–700 °C) on SnO2 thin films spin-coated from stannous chloride. X-ray diffraction confirmed a polycrystalline, tetragonal structure, with optimal crystallinity at 500 °C. Optical absorbance peaked at 302 nm for films annealed at 500 °C, and the optical bandgap decreased to 3.65 eV as temperature increased. SEM revealed a shift from nanoflakes (300 °C) to nanoflowers (600 °C). Films annealed at 500 °C showed the highest conductivity (2–4 kΩ), while those at 400 °C had the poorest crystallinity and highest resistance (30–50 kΩ). The findings highlight 500 °C as optimal for SnO2 film properties.

Graphical abstract