Abstract <p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising next-generation photovoltaic technology, yet sustainable end-of-life management remains unclear. This study employs a life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of five recycling methods to recover back contact, absorber, and coated glass components from a 1&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup> of PSCs-functional unit of the study. Our analysis highlights a potassium iodide-based method as the most sustainable due to lower chemical burdens and efficient recovery. In contrast, methods involving chlorobenzene and dimethylformamide show significantly higher environmental footprints. Key findings emphasize that recovering materials from absorber or back contact is environmentally preferable compared to producing virgin materials for these layers. By reusing solvents, impacts can be further minimized for the coated glass layer; we found that even at 50% of the theoretical reuse factor, all methods recovering indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide glass outperform virgin alternatives in environmental performance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Evaluating the environmental impacts of various recycling approaches for perovskite solar cells

  • Juan-Pablo Herrera,
  • Jules Freeman,
  • Achyuth Ravilla,
  • Ilke Celik

摘要

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising next-generation photovoltaic technology, yet sustainable end-of-life management remains unclear. This study employs a life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of five recycling methods to recover back contact, absorber, and coated glass components from a 1 m2 of PSCs-functional unit of the study. Our analysis highlights a potassium iodide-based method as the most sustainable due to lower chemical burdens and efficient recovery. In contrast, methods involving chlorobenzene and dimethylformamide show significantly higher environmental footprints. Key findings emphasize that recovering materials from absorber or back contact is environmentally preferable compared to producing virgin materials for these layers. By reusing solvents, impacts can be further minimized for the coated glass layer; we found that even at 50% of the theoretical reuse factor, all methods recovering indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide glass outperform virgin alternatives in environmental performance.

Graphical abstract