Effect of Sargassum-mediated synthesis on hemolytic activity of Au nanoparticles

The use of natural sources for nanoparticle synthesis is gaining attention due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Sargassum, a marine macroalga rich in biomolecules, shows promise for this application. This study explored the hemolytic activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using three Sargassum morphotypes: S. natans I, S. natans VIII, and S. fluitans III extracts to evaluate their biocompatibility. The synthesis involved reducing metal ions with the Sargassum extracts as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Characterization of the AuNPs was done using UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, revealing particles with a size range of 25 to 40 nm, irregular morphology, and well dispersion. The UV–Vis spectra showed a wavelength between 530 and 550 nm, and the X-ray diffraction indicated a face-centered cubic structure. Preliminary in vitro tests indicate that AuNPs concentration affects hemolytic activity, and these factors can be optimized for biomedical applications like imaging and drug delivery.