Effect of the magnesium content on the in vitro bioactivity of calcium silicates

This research is focused on studying the effect of the magnesium incorporation into the crystal structure of calcium silicates (CSs) on the in vitro bioactivity. Two different concentrations of Mg were used, 9 and 18 mol%. CSs were synthesized by sol–gel, and the in vitro bioactivity was evaluated by immersing samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different periods of time under physiological conditions of pH and temperature. The development of two complex ceramic systems was demonstrated by XRD, different phases such as wollastonite (CaSiO₃), akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇), diopside (CaMgSi₂O₆), and brediggite (Ca₁₄Mg₃Si₈O₃₂) were formed and their quantity depended on the Mg content. The in vitro bioactivity studies showed that both complex ceramic systems are bioactive, and the apatite formed is correlated with the Mg content. According to the results obtained in this work, both ceramic systems are potential materials for future applications in tissue engineering.