Trivalent bismuth xanthates: Synthesis and characterization

Bismuth xanthates have emerged as promising environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional lead-based stabilizers in PVC processing. This study synthesized trivalent bismuth (propyl and butyl) xanthate complexes using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and potassium (propyl, butyl) xanthate in an aqueous medium. The complexes were characterized using elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Single crystals of the two complexes were grown, and their crystal structures were determined. Both complexes were found to be triclinic with a space group of P-1. The bismuth atom in the complexes was coordinated to three chelating alkyl (propyl and butyl) xanthate ligands through the two sulfur atoms from each xanthate ligand, defining the vertices of a triangular prism.