Evaluation of biological activity for gadolinium-incorporated zinc oxide nanostructures via hydrothermal method

In this study, we have evaluated the biological activity of gadolinium-incorporated zinc oxide (Gd-ZnO) nanostructures prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis route. Various characterization techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are employed to examine the physicochemical characterization of the Gd-ZnO nanostructures. Powder XRD analysis confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure. The FTIR bands indicated the characteristic functional groups of Gd and Zn–O, confirming the formation of Gd-ZnO. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus and anticancer activity against A549 cancer cells have been conducted.