A snapshot review of dynamic colloidal nanoparticle superlattices

Nanoparticles (NPs) and their assembled superlattices (SLs) enable the study of mesoscale phenomena and rational design of metamaterials for various applications. In these assemblies, NPs can be considered artificial atoms, acting as building blocks for diverse arrays. However, grand challenges arise from the limited mobility of NP building blocks in NPSLs, restricting their potential in critical applications, fabrication, and post-treatments. Thus, the rational development of NPSL architecture is progressing toward dynamic structures, capable of exhibiting stimuli-responsive behavior. Considerations of the NP cores, surface ligands, and assembly conditions will play a significant and direct role in tailoring the architectural framework. A comprehensive exploration of their dynamics depends on recent advancements in in situ techniques, greatly guiding the dynamic structure design. Recent strides in this field contribute substantially to deepening the fundamental understanding of materials and opening avenues for manufacturing innovative materials.