Use of laser-induced graphene and magnetite nanoparticles as anchors in electrochemical glucose detection devices

This study effectively utilizes ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) technology to detect enzymatic oxidation reactions. The research presents a method for immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) enzymes by activating groups that covalently attach to magnetite nanoparticles coated with a silicon oxide containing carboxyl groups (F-NPs). Amperometry techniques are utilized to detect glucose concentrations on the ISFET gate area through incubation with carbodiimides (EDC) and succinimides (NHS). The ISFET device comprises the organic semiconductors (P3HT/PC₇₁BM) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for source and drain electrodes. A PET-ITO gate electrode improves the gate configuration by utilizing dual gates: one on the semiconductor layer and another on a laser-induced graphene (LIG) pattern, interconnected for immobilization platform (PI) which can detect changes in solution load different glucose levels. IV saturation curves display a continual ISFET drain current decrease with increasing glucose concentration, confirming efficacy as a glucose sensor.