Coagulation and crystallinity in Sn (II, IV) oxide as an electron transfer layer

Stannic oxide (SnO₂) synthesized by the sol–gel method showed efficient optoelectronic mobility due to high crystallinity and coagulation involved in the morphology. These properties are applicable for SnO₂ to be used as an electron transfer layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells. The structure and morphology were determined by XRD and SEM which also indicated formation of Sn (II) O with p-type doping. The optical properties were reflected in the UV–Vis and PL studies. A coagulation factor was determined based on the polynomial fits of the surface and linear profiles.

Coagulation and crystallinity in Sn (II, IV) oxide as an electron transfer layer