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<p>Electrocaloric materials provide an eco-friendly cooling alternative, but predictive tools remain limited. This work develops a compact analytical framework linking dielectric response, polarisation, and entropy change to adiabatic temperature rise (ΔT). Incorporating a domain-wall continuity factor captures partial reversibility in ferroelectric switching. Validation with BaTiO₃ yields ΔT ≈ 2.8&#xa0;K at 200&#xa0;kV&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>, which quantitatively reproduces experimentally reported electrocaloric response within ± 5% deviation. The framework accurately predicts trends in Na₀.₅Bi₀.₅TiO₃ and K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃, offering a practical and general method for screening lead-free electrocaloric materials.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Analytical framework for predicting electrocaloric cooling efficiency in lead-free ferroelectrics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • R. Padma Priya,
  • A. Baradeswaran

摘要

Electrocaloric materials provide an eco-friendly cooling alternative, but predictive tools remain limited. This work develops a compact analytical framework linking dielectric response, polarisation, and entropy change to adiabatic temperature rise (ΔT). Incorporating a domain-wall continuity factor captures partial reversibility in ferroelectric switching. Validation with BaTiO₃ yields ΔT ≈ 2.8 K at 200 kV cm⁻1, which quantitatively reproduces experimentally reported electrocaloric response within ± 5% deviation. The framework accurately predicts trends in Na₀.₅Bi₀.₅TiO₃ and K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃, offering a practical and general method for screening lead-free electrocaloric materials.

Graphical abstract