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<p>This study compares co-precipitation and hydrothermal routes for synthesizing LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC532). X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, SEM–EDS, and ICP-OES were used to evaluate phase purity, crystallinity, particle morphology, and compositional distribution. Both routes produced layered R–3&#xa0;m oxides with similar lattice parameters and pronounced (003)/(104) splitting. Hydrothermal synthesis yielded narrower diffraction peaks, larger crystallites, and more uniform particle morphology, whereas co-precipitation exhibited broader particle distributions and stronger Mn deficiency according to ICP-OES analysis. Both samples showed mild lithium excess (Li/TM &gt; 1). These findings clarify synthesis–structure–composition relationships in layered NMC532 cathodes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparative study of co-precipitation vs. hydrothermal routes for synthesizing LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathode material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Joel O. Herrera Robles,
  • Claudia Rodriguez-Gonzalez,
  • Carlos R. Cabrera,
  • Suzatra Chatterjee,
  • Yeslie Carrillo Cabrera

摘要

This study compares co-precipitation and hydrothermal routes for synthesizing LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532). X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, SEM–EDS, and ICP-OES were used to evaluate phase purity, crystallinity, particle morphology, and compositional distribution. Both routes produced layered R–3 m oxides with similar lattice parameters and pronounced (003)/(104) splitting. Hydrothermal synthesis yielded narrower diffraction peaks, larger crystallites, and more uniform particle morphology, whereas co-precipitation exhibited broader particle distributions and stronger Mn deficiency according to ICP-OES analysis. Both samples showed mild lithium excess (Li/TM > 1). These findings clarify synthesis–structure–composition relationships in layered NMC532 cathodes.

Graphical abstract