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<p>Protein-based bioplastics are renewable and biodegradable but often limited by poor strength and water resistance. Tyrosine-crosslinked gluten/keratin films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs, 0.5–1.5 wt%) showed major improvements in performance. Tensile strength increased from 0.25 to 0.66&#xa0;MPa and modulus from 2.1 to 7.3&#xa0;MPa, while water uptake decreased from 181 to 122%. The films showed improved thermal stability, and small-angle neutron scattering showed domain contraction from about 66.5 to 58.2&#xa0;nm, confirming stronger CNF–protein interactions. Enzymatic degradation showed near-complete decomposition within 6–10&#xa0;days, demonstrating tuneable mechanical strength and biodegradability in sustainable protein-based bioplastics.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Tuning the functional properties of gluten/keratin bioplastics via cellulose nanofiber reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Jumana Rashid Mohammed Haroub Alshehhi,
  • Jitendra P. Mata,
  • Naba K. Dutta,
  • Namita Roy Choudhury

摘要

Protein-based bioplastics are renewable and biodegradable but often limited by poor strength and water resistance. Tyrosine-crosslinked gluten/keratin films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs, 0.5–1.5 wt%) showed major improvements in performance. Tensile strength increased from 0.25 to 0.66 MPa and modulus from 2.1 to 7.3 MPa, while water uptake decreased from 181 to 122%. The films showed improved thermal stability, and small-angle neutron scattering showed domain contraction from about 66.5 to 58.2 nm, confirming stronger CNF–protein interactions. Enzymatic degradation showed near-complete decomposition within 6–10 days, demonstrating tuneable mechanical strength and biodegradability in sustainable protein-based bioplastics.

Graphical abstract