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<p>Liquid crystal (LC) phase shifters exploit voltage-dependent permittivity for tunable phase control, but their slow, phase-dependent response limits beamforming applications. At low bias, LC molecules reorient sluggishly, while higher voltages accelerate alignment, leading to large variations in response time. To overcome this, we propose a binary-biasing strategy that divides the device into discrete regions with predetermined phase states, operated only above a threshold voltage. This approach ensures consistently fast response across all states. Experiments show a one-third reduction in response time variance compared with continuous tuning, making the method more practical for LC-based beamforming antennas.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Binary-biasing strategy for achieving phase-state-independent high-speed response in liquid crystal phase shifters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月23日

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  • Dowon Kim,
  • Kitae Kim,
  • Sehwan Choi,
  • Jun-Hee Na

摘要

Liquid crystal (LC) phase shifters exploit voltage-dependent permittivity for tunable phase control, but their slow, phase-dependent response limits beamforming applications. At low bias, LC molecules reorient sluggishly, while higher voltages accelerate alignment, leading to large variations in response time. To overcome this, we propose a binary-biasing strategy that divides the device into discrete regions with predetermined phase states, operated only above a threshold voltage. This approach ensures consistently fast response across all states. Experiments show a one-third reduction in response time variance compared with continuous tuning, making the method more practical for LC-based beamforming antennas.

Graphical abstract