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<p>We present a thermo-driven coiled CNT@nylon fiber that combines actuation and self-sensing without external power. The coiled nylon core drives thermal contraction, while the CNT sheath converts deformation into electrical signals, producing open-circuit voltage variations up to 132.8&#xa0;mV that directly indicate muscle motion. Under thermal stimulation at 60℃, the fiber exhibited reversible contraction–relaxation with real-time monitoring. This multifunctional design integrates actuation and sensing at the material level, enabling compact, self-powered applications in soft robotics, wearable systems, and biointegrated electronics.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional CNT and nylon hybrid fibers for thermal artificial muscles and self-sensing without bias voltage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Ji Hwan Moon,
  • Hocheol Gwac,
  • Kyung woo Kim,
  • Tae Jin Mun,
  • Sumin Yoon,
  • Jinyeong Choi,
  • Seon Jeong Kim

摘要

We present a thermo-driven coiled CNT@nylon fiber that combines actuation and self-sensing without external power. The coiled nylon core drives thermal contraction, while the CNT sheath converts deformation into electrical signals, producing open-circuit voltage variations up to 132.8 mV that directly indicate muscle motion. Under thermal stimulation at 60℃, the fiber exhibited reversible contraction–relaxation with real-time monitoring. This multifunctional design integrates actuation and sensing at the material level, enabling compact, self-powered applications in soft robotics, wearable systems, and biointegrated electronics.

Graphical abstract