Investigating the beneficial effects of a WO3 seed layer on the mechanical and photoelectrochemical stability of WO3|BiVO4|NiFeOOH photoanodes under operational conditions
摘要
Scalable and durable photoelectrodes are essential for technological breakthroughs in photoelectrochemical systems, yet the fragility of nanostructured photocatalyst materials in industrially relevant operating conditions is rarely explored. Herein, we advance understanding of the importance of morphology and temperature on stability and performance of nanostructured WO3|BiVO4|NiFeOOH photoanodes. The integration of a planar WO3 seed layer beneath nanostructured WO3, improved mechanical stability at 40°C with flowing electrolyte approximately twofold compared with materials where a seed layer was not integrated. This work provides a pathway through which robust photoelectrode systems can be engineered to enable the advancement of up-scaled photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Graphical abstract