Surface engineering of theranostic nanomaterials for intracellular trafficking and localization
摘要
Nanomaterials are actively being exploited for different theranostic and nanomedicine applications. Central to effective and safe applications of these nanomaterials are their selective targeting and delivery into specific subcellular organelles. Herein, we discuss various surface engineering strategies to enhance the intracellular delivery of theranostic nanomaterials. We will first provide a broad overview of the different types of nanomaterials explored for intracellular targeting. Next, we will describe numerous established and emerging approaches to surface engineer theranostic nanomaterials to enhance their cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking and localization. We will finally conclude this Prospective by offering our outlook on the current challenges and future opportunities in this field.
Graphical abstract