Recent advances in integrated capture and electrochemical conversion of CO₂

Capturing and electrochemically converting carbon dioxide (CO₂) from industrial point sources, such as flue gas, is a promising approach to mitigate the greenhouse effect and protect the environment. However, these processes are characterized by high energy consumption and low energy efficiency, which need optimization. This prospective article provides a summary of the current strategies for capturing and electrochemically converting dilute CO₂ into valuable products. We will summarize strategies for capture and electrochemical reduction of CO₂ in a dilute stream, compare the advantages and disadvantages of using amines, membranes, alkaline solutions, and molten salts for CO₂ capture and conversion, and discuss the effects of CO₂ concentrations and typical impurities in flue gas (NO_x, SO_x, and O₂) on the performance of electrochemical CO₂ conversion. We will also provide an outlook on future opportunities for developing integrated processes for capturing and electrochemically converting CO₂ to valuable products.