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<p>High-performance humidity sensors are critical for industrial processing, healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring; however, conventional materials often exhibit low sensitivity, slow response, and poor stability. In this study, Zn<sub>0.85</sub>Ti<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite ceramics were synthesized via a sol–gel method and evaluated for resistive humidity sensing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a single-phase nanocrystalline spinel structure, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniformly distributed spherical grains of ~ 11–14&#xa0;nm. Ultraviolet visible (UV) analysis showed an optical bandgap of 3.27&#xa0;eV, indicating favorable electronic properties. The sensor demonstrated a significant resistance change from ~ 560 MΩ at 15% RH to ~ 10 MΩ at 90% RH. Response and recovery times were ~ 50&#xa0;s. Low hysteresis values of 5.86%, 7.69%, and 4.28% at 60%, 75%, and 90% RH, respectively, confirmed good repeatability and stability. The enhanced performance is attributed to Ti-induced oxygen vacancies and increased surface adsorption sites. These results establish Zn<sub>0.85</sub>Ti<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a promising material for next-generation resistive humidity sensors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Graphical Abstract for Zn0.85Ti0.15Al2O4 sample performance</p>

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High-performance humidity sensing using sol–gel synthesized Zn0.85Ti0.15Al2O4 nanocomposite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • K. Ramalakshmi,
  • Sasmita Dash,
  • Srilali Siragam

摘要

High-performance humidity sensors are critical for industrial processing, healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring; however, conventional materials often exhibit low sensitivity, slow response, and poor stability. In this study, Zn0.85Ti0.15Al2O4 nanocomposite ceramics were synthesized via a sol–gel method and evaluated for resistive humidity sensing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a single-phase nanocrystalline spinel structure, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniformly distributed spherical grains of ~ 11–14 nm. Ultraviolet visible (UV) analysis showed an optical bandgap of 3.27 eV, indicating favorable electronic properties. The sensor demonstrated a significant resistance change from ~ 560 MΩ at 15% RH to ~ 10 MΩ at 90% RH. Response and recovery times were ~ 50 s. Low hysteresis values of 5.86%, 7.69%, and 4.28% at 60%, 75%, and 90% RH, respectively, confirmed good repeatability and stability. The enhanced performance is attributed to Ti-induced oxygen vacancies and increased surface adsorption sites. These results establish Zn0.85Ti0.15Al2O4 as a promising material for next-generation resistive humidity sensors.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical Abstract for Zn0.85Ti0.15Al2O4 sample performance