Sustainable high-temperature piezoelectrics: Synergistic enhancement of CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics via manganese doping and microwave sintering
摘要
Developing high-performance, lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is crucial for achieving global sustainability in electronic materials, particularly for harsh-environment sensing. Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric calcium bismuth titanate (CaBi4Ti4O15), with its high Curie temperature TC of 790 ℃, is a promising candidate. However, its widespread application is limited by inherently weak piezoelectric activity and energy-intensive conventional sintering process, which also causes bismuth volatilization. A synergistic strategy of manganese doping and microwave sintering (MS) was developed to fabricate CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics. The rapid MS process provides a green alternative, reducing energy and time. The optimized ceramic achieves a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 24.4 pC/N, triple that of the pristine CaBi4Ti4O15, while maintaining a high TC of 784 ℃. It exhibits excellent thermal stability (< 5% d33 variation up to 600 ℃) and a two-order-of-magnitude increase in high-temperature resistivity. This work demonstrates that combining defect engineering with rapid, low-carbon manufacturing enables environmentally benign, high-performance piezoelectrics for extreme environments.
Graphical abstract