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<p>This study details the development of a novel multifunctional Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. By incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and bioactive glass (BG), the new nanocomposite addresses the bio-inert nature, lack of antibacterial properties, and potential cytotoxicity of traditional PMMA. The optimized formulation, P-CNT-BG2, demonstrated significant improvements. Mechanical testing revealed increases of 52.8% and 32.2% in bending and compression strength, respectively. The material also showed accelerated curing, enhanced surface wettability, and potent antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition zones of 18 mm and 12 mm. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability up to 105%, well above the standard acceptance threshold for pure PMMA. This synergistic combination of PMMA, CNTs, and BG results in a superior bone cement, making the P-CNT-BG2 formulation a promising candidate for next-generation orthopedic implants, potentially reducing infections and improving clinical outcomes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes and bioactive glass on the multifunctional properties of PMMA-based bone cement for orthopedic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • A. Najah Saud,
  • Samara Bashar,
  • Erkan Koç,
  • Olcay Özdemir

摘要

This study details the development of a novel multifunctional Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. By incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and bioactive glass (BG), the new nanocomposite addresses the bio-inert nature, lack of antibacterial properties, and potential cytotoxicity of traditional PMMA. The optimized formulation, P-CNT-BG2, demonstrated significant improvements. Mechanical testing revealed increases of 52.8% and 32.2% in bending and compression strength, respectively. The material also showed accelerated curing, enhanced surface wettability, and potent antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition zones of 18 mm and 12 mm. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability up to 105%, well above the standard acceptance threshold for pure PMMA. This synergistic combination of PMMA, CNTs, and BG results in a superior bone cement, making the P-CNT-BG2 formulation a promising candidate for next-generation orthopedic implants, potentially reducing infections and improving clinical outcomes.

Graphical abstract